Hybrid CPU-GPU System Achieves Cloud-Level Performance for Local Mixture-of-Experts Model Inference
Researchers presented a CPU-GPU hybrid system that enables local deployment of large Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models to achieve cloud-scale service quality on consumer hardware. The system addresses four key performance gaps in local MoE inference through techniques including stream-loading prefill, expert parallelism, and optimized kernels. This work could make high-quality AI model inference more accessible and cost-effective by eliminating the need for datacenter infrastructure.
A new CPU-GPU hybrid architecture enables local deployment of large Mixture-of-Experts models to meet cloud-scale service level objectives (SLOs) on commodity dual-socket CPUs and consumer GPUs. The system addresses critical performance bottlenecks: prefill throughput (boosted to 1,200–1,800 tokens/s), long-context prompt handling (supporting 32K–45K token prefixes within 30 seconds), decode throughput (reaching 20+ tokens/s), and concurrent mixed workloads. Key innovations include stream-loading prefill (SLP) for efficient prefill processing, distributed SLP with expert parallelism for multi-GPU scaling, prefill-decode disaggregation with zero-copy weight sharing, AVX-512-optimized FP8 kernels for CPU inference, and fine-grained CPU parallelism. Evaluations demonstrate the system sustains high concurrency with minimal latency increase while maintaining original-precision inference on flagship models like DeepSeek-V3, potentially reshaping local AI deployment economics.
What's missing
The paper does not discuss energy consumption or power efficiency comparisons between the hybrid system and cloud-based alternatives, which would be relevant for assessing the practical cost-effectiveness of local deployment. Additionally, no comparison with other recent local MoE inference optimization approaches or discussion of model accuracy/quality trade-offs is provided.
What different sources said
- arXiv cs.LGCenter
Achieving Cloud-Grade SLOs for Local Mixture-of-Experts Inference through CPU-GPU Hybrid Design
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